This fact sheet provides answers to frequently asked questions by small-scale and beginning farmers related to water conservation practices and management of farms on less than 50 acres.
Arizona is home to more than 12,700 farms smaller than 50 acres, representing approximately 76% of all farms in the state.1 Agriculture in Arizona is increasingly characterized by smaller, newer, and more urban farming operations, reflecting broader changes in land use and agricultural markets.2 This includes larger growth for female and indigenous producers. These farms are characterized by their environmentally friendly practices, as they generally rely less on large machinery and chemical inputs compared to industrial farms.3 In the United States, over 90% of farms fall under the classification of small, generating less than $250,000 in gross annual income. Many of these operations are owned by first-generation, beginning, or part-time farmers who produce vegetables, specialty crops, livestock, and local food products. Small-scale operations make up 75% of agriculture in multiple counties. Figure 1 shows areas of farming and ranching. Practical water conservation strategies can help small-scale farms improve efficiency, reduce costs, and build resilience while supporting long-term agricultural sustainability.
Why Water Conservation Matters on Small Farms
Water is one of the most valuable resources on Arizona farms. Agriculture accounts for approximately 72–75% of Arizona's water use, and nearly all crop production in the state depends on irrigation.4, 5 As drought, groundwater declines, and Colorado River shortages continue, small-scale farmers face increasing pressure to make every drop count. Many of the systemic hurdles facing industrial agricultural producers also impact small-scale operations. These challenges fall into three general categories: Continue reading.